Zhucola 2019-07-17 12:15:10 4987次浏览 3条评论 3 2 0

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PHP的多继承

我们知道PHP是不支持多继承的,一个子类只能继承一个父类

class A{}
class B extends A{}

但是我们可以使用traits来模拟多继承,很多框架内部都是涉及到了triats,比如yii2的底层base\Model类

class Model extends Component implements StaticInstanceInterface, IteratorAggregate, ArrayAccess, Arrayable
{
    use ArrayableTrait;
    use StaticInstanceTrait;

traits就是一个类可以附加多个traits,模拟了多继承,其实traits有很多事项需要注意,比如trait和class都有相同的属性需要特殊处理等等,详细的知识点可以参考PHP手册

<?php
trait t{
	public $name = 1;
	public function sing(){
		echo 2;
	}
}
class a{
	use t;
	public function test(){
		echo $this->name;
	}

	public function sing(){
		echo 3;
	}
}
$a = new a;
$a->test(); //1
$a->sing(); //3

traits不能再继承了,一旦注册进类就无法移除,所以yii2的行为更加灵活

Behavior行为

在项目目录创建behavior目录,创建Test.php文件

<?php
namespace app\behaviors;

use yii\base\Behavior;

class Test extends Behavior
{
    public $name = 1;
    protected $age = 2;

    public function events()
    {
        return [
        	"gogo" => "eventsgogo",
        ];
    }

    public function sing(){
	return __FUNCTION__;
    }

    public function getage(){
	return $this->age;
    }

    public function eventsgogo($event){
	echo "events";
    }
}

然后在控制器中将行为注册进去

use app\behaviors\Test;

class TestController extends Controller{
	public function behaviors(){
		return [
		    'myBehavior4' => [
			'class' => Test::className(),
			"name" => 21313131,
		    ]
		];
    	}
	
	public function actionX(){
		$this->name;   //行为的属性
		$this->sing(); //行为的方法
		$this->age; //行为的属性
	}
}

因为控制器Controller继承于Component,Component是实现行为的底层架构,使用的就是魔术方法,当调用一个不属于本类的方法会被魔术get捕获到

//如果调用$this->age;

public function __get($name)
{
    //会判断本类是否有getage方法,大小写不冲突    
    $getter = 'get' . $name;
    if (method_exists($this, $getter)) {
        // read property, e.g. getName()
        return $this->$getter();
    }

    //开始去找行为的age属性
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    foreach ($this->_behaviors as $behavior) {
        if ($behavior->canGetProperty($name)) {
            return $behavior->$name;
        }
    }
    //如果找不到并且本类有setage方法,报错
    if (method_exists($this, 'set' . $name)) {
        throw new InvalidCallException('Getting write-only property: ' . get_class($this) . '::' . $name);
    }
    //找不到,将异常抛出去
    throw new UnknownPropertyException('Getting unknown property: ' . get_class($this) . '::' . $name);
}

创建行为的方法如下,需要注意的是,如果在控制器中调用,这里的$this是控制器的

public function ensureBehaviors()
{
    if ($this->_behaviors === null) {
        //初始化数组
        $this->_behaviors = [];
	//遍历behaviors
        foreach ($this->behaviors() as $name => $behavior) {
	    //注册行为
            $this->attachBehaviorInternal($name, $behavior);
        }
    }
}

默认的底层behaviors是返回一个空数组,所以我们需要重写这个方法

public function behaviors()
{
    return [];
}

注册的方法如下

private function attachBehaviorInternal($name, $behavior)
{
    if (!($behavior instanceof Behavior)) {
        //实例化行为对象
        $behavior = Yii::createObject($behavior);
    }
    if (is_int($name)) {
        $behavior->attach($this);
	//追加行为
        $this->_behaviors[] = $behavior;
    } else {
        //判断是否应该覆盖已注册的行为
        if (isset($this->_behaviors[$name])) {
            $this->_behaviors[$name]->detach();
        }
        $behavior->attach($this);
        $this->_behaviors[$name] = $behavior;
    }

    return $behavior;
}

attach和detach方法涉及到了yii2的事件概念,这里先不展开讨论,可以先理解为将行为中的事件注册或者移除

public function attach($owner)
{
    $this->owner = $owner;
    foreach ($this->events() as $event => $handler) {
        $owner->on($event, is_string($handler) ? [$this, $handler] : $handler);
    }
}
public function detach()
{
    if ($this->owner) {
        foreach ($this->events() as $event => $handler) {
            $this->owner->off($event, is_string($handler) ? [$this, $handler] : $handler);
        }
        $this->owner = null;
    }
}

这里需要注意,行为底层有一个共有方法owner,不要在注册行为的类中声明owner属性,这样行为的owner会被覆盖

class Behavior extends BaseObject{
	public $owner;

魔术get还调用了canGetProperty方法,这个方法是yii属性注入的核心方法,在base\BaseObj.php里面

public function canGetProperty($name, $checkVars = true)
{
    return method_exists($this, 'get' . $name) || $checkVars && property_exists($this, $name);
}

所以如果行为类里面有非公有非静态属性,可以声明get前缀的方法

class Obj extends Behavior{
	private $incr = 0;
	public function getIncr(){
		return $sex++;
	}
}

除了可以覆盖behaviors方法来声明行为,还可以调用attachBehavior和attachBehaviors来注册行为

public function attachBehavior($name, $behavior)
{
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    //注册行为
    return $this->attachBehaviorInternal($name, $behavior);
}
public function attachBehaviors($behaviors)
{
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    foreach ($behaviors as $name => $behavior) {
        //注册行为
        $this->attachBehaviorInternal($name, $behavior);
    }
}

如果需要移除行为,可以使用detachBehavior或者detachBehaviors方法

public function detachBehavior($name)
{
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    if (isset($this->_behaviors[$name])) {
        $behavior = $this->_behaviors[$name];
        unset($this->_behaviors[$name]);
        $behavior->detach();
        return $behavior;
    }

    return null;
}
public function detachBehaviors()
{
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    foreach ($this->_behaviors as $name => $behavior) {
    	$this->detachBehavior($name);
    }
}

获取行为可以使用getBehavior或者getBehaviors方法,因为有属性注入,所以直接调用behaviors属性也是可以的

public function getBehavior($name)
{
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    return isset($this->_behaviors[$name]) ? $this->_behaviors[$name] : null;
}
public function getBehaviors()
{
    $this->ensureBehaviors();
    return $this->_behaviors;
}
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